Many of the world’s greatest logos have been in use for decades or, in some cases, even centuries.
For these special logos, what is it about these graphics that has made them so resilient, even as their brands struggled?
It’s not just branding specialists who have to work with logos: branding and logo design touch every design discipline, including digital product design. Our mentors at Designlab work with students to help them develop visual and UX design skills, including how to develop successful logos for apps and websites.
In this piece, we’re sharing our take on what we believe are the essential ingredients of a successful logo. Take these and let them be your logo design inspiration.
(And then use InVision Cloud to gather and organize feedbackfrom your team).
What makes a good logo?
The world’s best logos seem to have these three elements in common:
Simplicity
The most revered logos are, almost without exception, graphically simple. This doesn’t mean they’re simple to create. Reducing an idea down to an elemental symbol is often the toughest part of the logo design process.
The most graphically complex logo in the list below is Coca-Cola’s, but this is counterbalanced by its conceptual simplicity: just the brand name set in script writing.
“The most revered logos are, almost without exception, graphically simple.”
Many wonderful logos have no graphic ingredients other than lettering. In this list alone, Coca-Cola, FedEx, and Lego have built a classic logo just using text. Other fantastic examples include Sony, 3M, IBM, and countless others.
Memorability
A logo’s memorability is often directly related to its simplicity.
We were able to identify the one visual concept that made that symbol memorable for all of the logo inspiration on this list—whether it was a swoosh, an arrow, or a mermaid.
“Many logos, even those of big and successful companies, fail to be memorable because they can’t easily be associated with a single idea.”
Many logos, even those of big and successful companies, fail to be memorable because they can’t easily be associated with a single idea. Sometimes that’s because they’re too complex, and sometimes because they’re too abstract. Great memorability often sits somewhere between those extremes.
Abstraction
A common misconception with logo design is that the symbol needs to literally represent the brand; however, some kind of disconnect is often helpful and stimulating.
The most literal take on this on our list is Apple’s—but here, the brand name itself has a helpful disconnection from what the company actually does. As for the mermaid, the golden arches, and the swoosh, their strength is that they’re highly visually memorable, not that they literally represent what the brand offers.
Time is the toughest test of all. Great logos are capable of weathering economic storms and providing a focus of identity, authority, and stability during turbulent times.
Tips
Try Boards to easily share design assets, create moodboards, and more.All of the logos in this list have performed for decades. Observing the above points—simplicity, memorability, abstraction—is often a recipe for something timeless.
“Great logos are capable of weathering economic storms and providing a focus of identity, authority, and stability during turbulent times.”
We’ve seen time and time again that brands who allow themselves to be led by trends reduce trust and find themselves visually diluted. The classic example is Microsoft (sorry, Bill), who have burned through no fewer than five major logo rebuilds since 1980.
We’ve put together a list of ten logos that exemplify these values and put the rest of the world to shame.
10. Lego: The bubble writing
Designed: 1954 (bubble writing), 1973 (current version), 1998 (small update)
Designer: Various in-house Lego staff
Years in use: 1954 to present
Every kid’s favorite toy at some point in their childhood, Lego is about creativity, freedom, and play. The brand’s bright logo connects effortlessly with all these messages.
It went through many iterations, particularly in the company’s early years. The bubble writing was first used around 1954, and the current version has been in use since 1973 (other than a minor modernization in 1998).
The logo is still going strong in today’s competitive toys market
9. UPS: The bow
Designed: 1961
Designer: Paul Rand
Years in use: 1961 to 2003
The two versions of the UPS logo that came before Rand’s design
Paul Rand was one of the 20th century’s greatest graphic designers behind many celebrated logo designs, including ABC, IBM, and Westinghouse. His design for UPS incorporated the “shield” shape from the company’s previous logo, dramatically simplified it, and added a delightful and distinctive bow at the top.
Regrettably (IMO), UPS returned to a shield-only version of the design in 2003.
The 1961 logo in use
Rand’s version alongside the 2003 update
8. Ferrari: The prancing horse
Designed: 1947 (in combination with Ferrari lettering)
Designer: Unknown/traditionalcavallino rampante emblem
Years in use: 1947 to present
Legend has it that the Ferrari logo started life, not on a car, but on a WWI fighter plane. Celebrated Italian pilot Francesco Baracca died in combat in 1918. After this, his mother apparently asked Enzo Ferrari to put the graphic that had appeared on Baracca’s plane, and use it on his cars.
After spending some time on Alfa Romeos with which Enzo Ferrari was involved in the 20s and 30s, the prancing horse finally first appeared on a Ferrari in 1947. Ultimately, though, the logo is successful not because of its story, but because it is simple, memorable, and connects with ideas of speed and power—perfect for a sports car.
7. FedEx: The arrow
Designed: 1994
Designer: Lindon Leader
Years in use: 1994 to present
If you’re not aware of the arrow in FedEx’s logo, then prepare yourself—there’s no going back from this one. Designer Lindon Leader created the FedEx logo back in 1994. At first glance, it’s a wordmark set in bold Futura, the iconic geometric typeface designed by Paul Renner in 1927.
But for this logo, the type is specially modified so that the negative space between the “e” and the “x” forms a lovely white arrow. Just like the silences in music are as important as the notes, the white space in graphic design is as functional as the positive elements.
6. McDonald’s: The golden arches
Designed: 1952-1968
Designer: Stanley Clark Meston and others
Years in use: 1968 to present
Conceptualized by (non-designer) brothers Richard and Maurice McDonald in 1952, the Golden Arches motif was developed by various hands over the following two decades. The current version has been in use for over fifty years!
Like many great logos, its level of recognition is supported by wider branding, including the company’s distinctive red and yellow color palette. This can be seen in the success of a recent ad campaign, which used closely cropped parts of the logo, the two brand colors, and little else.
5. Coca-Cola: The script
Designed: 1886
Designer: Frank Mason Robinson
Years in use: 1886 to present
Coca-Cola has one of the oldest logos still in use, and, as with McDonald’s and a surprising number of other great logos, it wasn’t designed by a “designer”. Frank Mason Robinson was in fact the bookkeeper for John Stith Pemberton, the drink’s inventor.
The famous Coca-Cola billboard in Sydney, Australia
The logo was based on Spencerian script that was common in the USA at the time. By sticking with their old-school logo throughout passing design trends and fads, Coca-Cola maintained its iconic status.
Wider branding elements, including the famous glass bottle, have also helped reinforce the logo’s memorability.
4. Starbucks: The mermaid
Designed: 1987
Designer: Various
Years in use: 1987 to present
Starbucks’ mermaid logo concept originally dates back to 1971, but it was significantly simplified and turned into a “proper” logo in 1987. Since then it has had a couple more iterations, the most recent of which in 2011 stripped away the text and just left the circular logo graphic.
The evolution of Starbucks’ logo
Starbucks is a great example of how the primary purpose of a logo is to spark recognition, rather than to literally explain what a company sells. Naked mermaids might not seem like the obvious choice for a coffee company. However, for exactly this reason, Starbucks’ logo has made it a highly distinctive brand in spite of intensifying competition. The way that the logo has been graphically simplified over the years only adds to its memorability.
3. Woolmark: The swirl
Designed: 1964
Designer: Franco Grignani
Years in use: 1964 to present
It’s easy to forget that logo marks are created for manufacturing and industry standards as well as brands. Meet the Woolmark logo, which was commissioned via a design competition run by the International Wool Secretariat in 1964. (It’s a mark that indicates a garment is 100% wool.)
Franco Grignani, a well-known and respected Italian artist, was on the judging panel for the competition. However, the story goes that Grignani was so disappointed with the quality of the entries coming in, that he snuck in a submission of his own using the pseudonym “Francesco Saroglia”.
Although Grignani voted for another entry, presumably to cover his tracks, it was his own design that was selected as the winner. The Woolmark logo became one of the most celebrated of the twentieth century.
2. Apple: The bite
Designed: 1977
Designer: Rob Janoff
Years in use: 1977 to present
Apple’s logo has survived major changes at the company, including periods of abject commercial failure in the 1990s and the world-beating success of recent years.
The original logo, featuring Isaac Newton, was made by Steve Jobs and Ronald Wayne. It only lasted a year.
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Consistent branding unites the entire varied range of Apple products.
Its story is similar to the Starbucks logo, in that it began life as an elaborate engraved illustration of Isaac Newton discovering gravity (hence the apple). But, unlike Starbucks, its abstraction to the simple icon we know today happened all at once, when Rob Janoff created the multicolor striped version in 1977. Since then, the shape has stayed the same, though it has been styled in a number of different ways since 1999.
1. Nike: The swoosh
Designed: 1971
Designer: Carolyn Davidson
Years in use: 1971 to present
Nike’s “swoosh” is one of the most famous symbols out there, but its beginnings weren’t so grandiose. It was created back in 1971 by designer Carolyn Davidson, who was a student at Portland State University at the time. The brief was to capture the idea of movement.
Davidson’s original drawings
She was initially paid $35 to create the logo, though she later received Nike shares. The company now ranks at number 89 in the Fortune 500, with a market valuation of over $100bn. That was $35 well spent.
The logo, still in use, on 2019 trainers
Insights, advice, suggestions, feedback and comments from experts
Introduction
As an expert in logo design and branding, I can provide you with insights into the essential ingredients of a successful logo. I have extensive knowledge and experience in this field, and I will share information related to the concepts discussed in this article.
Simplicity
One of the key elements that make a logo successful is simplicity. The most revered logos are often graphically simple, although creating them can be a challenging process. Many iconic logos, such as Coca-Cola, FedEx, and Lego, have built their brand recognition using text alone. These logos demonstrate that simplicity can be achieved through minimalistic design and the use of elemental symbols [[1]].
Memorability
The memorability of a logo is closely tied to its simplicity. Great logos are easily associated with a single idea or concept. For example, the Nike swoosh, the FedEx arrow, and the Starbucks mermaid are all highly memorable symbols. On the other hand, logos that are too complex or abstract may struggle to leave a lasting impression. Striking the right balance between simplicity and abstraction is crucial for creating a memorable logo [[1]].
Abstraction
Contrary to popular belief, a logo does not need to literally represent a brand. In fact, some level of disconnect between the symbol and the brand can be helpful and stimulating. Apple's logo, for instance, is a simple apple shape that does not directly depict the company's products. The strength of abstract logos lies in their visual memorability rather than their literal representation [[1]].
Timelessness
A great logo should withstand the test of time and remain relevant even during turbulent periods. Timelessness is achieved by creating a logo that can weather economic storms and provide a sense of identity, authority, and stability. Brands that constantly chase trends often dilute their visual identity and reduce trust. On the other hand, logos like Coca-Cola's and McDonald's have maintained their iconic status by staying true to their original designs [[1]].
Examples of Successful Logos
Now, let's take a closer look at some of the logos mentioned in the article:
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Lego: The Lego logo, with its bubble writing, has been in use since 1954. It represents creativity, freedom, and play, connecting effortlessly with the brand's core messages [[2]].
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UPS: Designed by Paul Rand in 1961, the UPS logo incorporated a simplified shield shape and a distinctive bow, which added a touch of delight to the design [[3]].
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Ferrari: The prancing horse logo, which first appeared on a Ferrari in 1947, symbolizes speed and power. It originated from a graphic that appeared on a WWI fighter plane and was later adopted by Enzo Ferrari [[4]].
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FedEx: Designed by Lindon Leader in 1994, the FedEx logo features a wordmark set in bold Futura. The negative space between the "e" and the "x" forms a hidden arrow, adding a clever and memorable element to the design [[5]].
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Coca-Cola: One of the oldest logos still in use, the Coca-Cola logo was designed in 1886 by Frank Mason Robinson. It is based on Spencerian script and has remained consistent throughout the passing design trends, maintaining its iconic status [[6]].
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Starbucks: The Starbucks mermaid logo, simplified in 1987, has become a highly distinctive brand symbol. It sparks recognition and stands out in a competitive market, despite not directly representing the company's products [[7]].
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Woolmark: Designed by Franco Grignani in 1964, the Woolmark logo indicates that a garment is 100% wool. It became one of the most celebrated logos of the twentieth century, showcasing the importance of logo marks in manufacturing and industry standards [[8]].
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Apple: The Apple logo, created by Rob Janoff in 1977, started as an elaborate illustration of Isaac Newton discovering gravity. It was later simplified to the iconic multicolor striped version, which has since evolved into the monochrome apple shape we know today [[9]].
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Nike: Designed by Carolyn Davidson in 1971, the Nike swoosh is one of the most recognizable symbols worldwide. It captures the idea of movement and has become synonymous with the brand's athletic identity [[10]].
These logos exemplify the essential ingredients of successful logo design, including simplicity, memorability, abstraction, and timelessness. They have stood the test of time and continue to represent their respective brands effectively.
I hope this information inspires you in your logo design endeavors. If you have any further questions or need additional assistance, feel free to ask!
